A Martian Sends a Postcard Home

â€Å"A Martian Sends A Postcard Home† The main theme for this poem, â€Å"A Martian Sends A Postcard Home† is showing that how different people have different perspectives and different way of perceiving things. This poem shows how a Martian would describe some of our everyday thing a lot differently than we would. The Martian has a unique way of describing everyday objects, emotions, and time. The Martian sees mist as an object that has human like properties such as becoming tired. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground. † (Page 867) The Martian describes mist in a completely different way from the ordinary way we think it to be. We know that it has no human properties and understand it to be something just caused by nature. The Martian, while on Earth, sees adults while they are suffering. The Martian sees them hiding their pain in a room alone, yet children openly expose their hurt. â€Å"Only the young are allowed to suf fer openly.Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. † (Page 864) The Martian gets to see something that most adults try to mask. The Martian is able to make a distinction between the way that children and adults express themselves. The Martian seems to describe in an odd way about how humans keep their time trapped in a box and how we have it tied to our wrists. â€Å"But time is tied to the wrists or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. (Page 864) In this statement, it shows how he finds it hard to understand why we keep track of time in that way and because we keep it in that way, time begins to tick impatiently. In conclusion, the theme of this poem shows how everyday items can be described or viewed in such a different way from another perspective. Such things as objects, feelings, and time can be held in such a different viewpoint from two different people. This poem shows how point of view is used to contrast things viewed from a human vs. outsid er viewpoint.

Final Exam Solution Essay

1) Two information systems that support the entire organization are BIS 220 final exam question 2) _______ is the direct use of information systems by employees in their work 3) ______ attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities 4) ______ issues involve who may obtain information and how much they should pay for this information Bis 220 final exam 5) _____ issues involve collecting, storing, and disseminating information about individuals. 6) Your company’s computers have been taken over by an attacker and used to attack another organization’s information systems. Your problem is which of the following? 7) You are the only person in your office to upgrade to Microsoft ® Word 2010. Before you share documents with coworkers, you should do which of the following? 8) Which of the following is detected by the contextual spelling checker? 9) If your cursor is near the bottom of a page and you want to display the next paragraph you type at the top of a new page, you should use which of  the following? 10) Your ______ is the collection of traceable data that is captured when you use various information technologies such as credit cards or the Internet 11) No alphabetic characters in a social security number field is an example of 12) In a database, the primary key field is used to 13) Search engines and metasearch engines are examples of which network application? 14) ______ portals coordinate content within relatively narrow organizational and partners’ communities 15) Workflow, groupware, and telepresence systems are examples of which network application? 16) Which type of e-commerce does an organization provide information and services to its workers? 17) _______ auctions are the most common auction model for large purchases. 18) ______ collect data from many points over an extended space. 19) Which type of satellite has the largest footprint? 20) Which of the following is the most appropriate wireless networking standard for creating personal area networks? 21) If cell D15 contains the formula =$C$5*D15, what is the D15 in the formula? 22) What should you do if you see a column of pound signs (###) instead of  values or results of formulas? 23) ______ feasibility determines if the project is an acceptable financial risk and if the organization can afford the expense and time needed to complete the project 24) In the traditional systems development life cycle, users 25) To create a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation based on an installed template, click the 26) Which of the following demotes a bullet point from the first level to the second level in Outline view in Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®? 27) ________ connects parts of the intranets of different organizations and allows secure communications among business partners 28) ______ is a system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture 29) A process that allows users to place information in multiple, overlapping associations is called 30) ________ are websites that provide collections of content from all over the World Wide Web

Communicating with your Teenager on Ready Basic Essay

Communicating with your Teenager on Ready Basic - Essay Example Some teens spend the lesser time to talk with their parents because they are busy going out with peers. Consequently, their relationship may deteriorate and turn disconnected. In this scenario, communication is needed to avoid relationship from being torn. Thus, communication is like a bridge that connects two separate ways into one. Communication is a tool for showing love and interest, resolving conflicts and issues and a means of building a close relationship. As supported by Norbeck and Fitzpatrick (125), they claimed that in a parent and adolescent relationship, communication is a commonplace where they meet and understand. Meanwhile, teens of today are more exposed to negative influences as factors like technology and peer pressure which destructing powers are increasing as time ages. Therefore, teens must be parented properly and should be treated and comforted like a pillow. Indeed, children are the most precious ones parents can ever have. When they grow up as teens, sometimes they tend to explore the world on their own--they love adventure, games, and hanging out. Parents must understand that their teens are growing and developing into an adult state. Some teens tend to disobey their parents because of many reasons like sometimes they want that their desires be granted. Parents especially those who are autocratic want their teens to follow every command and rule they imposed. Probably, what will happen if parents are too strict in the sense that they would not consider teens feelings, desires and opinions, conflict may arise. Parents must show love and compassion to their teens despite the disobedience. Teens love to be loved and cared by parents and see them as their protecting shield when it rains. There are many ways on how parents can show love and compassion to their teens according to Taylor (2005): First parents must teach what love and compassion are so that teens would  understand its essence.  

Racial and Ethnic Distinctions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Racial and Ethnic Distinctions - Essay Example Such processes and reactions are widely spread in the contemporary world, and for their description are often used notions of ‘racism’, ‘stereotype’, ‘prejudice’, ‘discrimination’. Unfortunately, these terms are frequently used, without a precise understanding of their meaning that only aggravates the issues they should clarify. The discussion of any concepts is impossible without their preliminary careful definition. Most of the differences in opinions regarding any matter of disa put usually arise not because of disagreements in understanding of values or importance of these notions in our daily life, but because of some distinctions in their definitions. It should be stated that some categories are variable and mostly depend on the meanings inserted by contemporaries. The term ‘stereotype’ was for the first time used in the book ‘Public Opinion’ written by the classic of American journalism, Walter Lippmann (1922). Using this term he was trying to describe the method, by means of which community tries to categorize people. As a rule, public opinion just put stamps basing upon some characteristics. Lippmann marked out four aspects inherent all stereotypes. Secondly, people get stereotypes (from friends, relatives, co-workers, mass media, etc.) rather then formulate them grounding on their own experience. As an example we may take the image of a perfect woman. There is a stereotype that she must be blond, tall, skinny, with blue eyes, and long legs. But it is not a secret that a lot of men on becoming older and getting own experience realize that they like women with dark hair or plump women. The fourth aspect is that stereotypes are extremely tenacious of life.  

Business process modling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business process modling - Essay Example This report will detail the business process modeling exercise involved in invoicing as pertains to the SAP system. Based on the SAP system, the invoice modeling process has ten key stages. It starts with the reception of the invoice followed by confirmation of receipt. The confirmation phase revolves around making an official request for verification to the relevant authorities. Once confirmation has been received, the invoice is sorted and then reviewed for compliance. The next stage entails validating the vendors who sent the invoice. Validation is necessary to ensure that payment is not made to fraudulent vendors and the business does not lose money in the process. After this, the invoice is validated, the due payment is processed, and the invoice is archived for future reference. Archiving the invoice is vital for purposes of recordkeeping. The body of this report will be based on two concepts: governance structure and business process modeling. This will be followed by a conclusion that comprehensively summarizes the main points discussed in the report and the potential implications on the subject of study. The first group meeting was convened on 2nd May 2015 at around 2:30 pm. The venue of the meeting was on the fourth floor of the library at GP. Despite the delays, the team went ahead to start on the assignment as per the discussions. The main agenda of the meeting was on business process modelling. The members worked hard enough for the success of the group. Every team member took the assigned duty with enthusiasm. The assigned roles to the members were covered elaborately. The tasks carried out by the group extended as discussed. First, the governing structure, covered by Sammie Wa’ahero, entailed the process of the architecture of the SSP and the modelling conventions. The process architecture, as described by Sammie, is where the direct invoice process precisely positioned. The

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994, mainly as a website which featured a directory of other websites. From that beginning, it spread its operations extensively, making strong presence in certain segments, but still lay behind Google in majority of the segments, as well as in relation to market share and revenue. Actually, in 2000, Yahoo and Google had a working association, with Yahoo using Google for search results. However that was short-lived, and both the companies parted ways and importantly started competing against each other in various segments. Porter’s ‘five forces framework’ Threat of Entrants Any industrial sector will have threat from new entrants, and dot.com sector will be no exception. Actually, the dot.com sector, used to denote the companies that mainly do their operations over the internet with a website and a domain ending with .com, got originated due to the entry of new entrants particularly in Silicon Valley. This being t he case, there will be a constant threat of new entrants in this sector. New entrants are always attracted to industry sectors that are flourishing and that seem to offer the potential for healthy profits, dot.com industry fits that bill aptly. (â€Å"Consulting Tools†). They are targeting various segments in the dot.com industry from emails, video sharing and hosting, etc., Although, Google and Yahoo have consolidated their positions in these segments and hold larger market share, these new entrants by giving widespread services are minor threats. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes will be found more in the dot.com industrial sector, because the lines of control and authority are blurred in the virtual world. With no worldwide authority to detect and stop copyrights infringement and other violation of trademark services, substitutes can come with similar services or slightly modified services, negatively impacting pioneers like Google and Yahoo. However, the fac t is, these two companies were also accused of coming up with substituting services, violating the rights of other players, but that were only minimal. With Internet coverage increasing, the competition for online business also increases, and using this opportunity many players are coming up with substitute services. For example, Google’s Iphone has been substituted by other local mobile phone makers, likewise Youtube has many substitutes like Dailymotion, Yahoomail has been substituted by many pan-national as well as local players. â€Å"The Internet creates new substitution threats by enabling new approaches to meeting customer needs and performing business functions† (Shin). Power of Suppliers In the dot.com industry, quite uniquely, the supplier of product or services as well as user or customer of service will be maximally one and the same. That is, most of the products or services offered by the companies, like websites in search engine results, videos in Youtube , Google Adsense feature, etc., are not created ‘in-house’, instead they are sourced from the suppliers outside. Those same suppliers along with sizable common people will also utilize those services as customers. Thus, the companies by aptly hosting or collecting or arranging those things and even

Mytholgy discussion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mytholgy discussion questions - Assignment Example However, few people understand its importance in life. The essence of myth in humans includes defining our existence for differentiating individuals from other species. They are created from collective imagination as metaphorical projections of the way things tend to be in life. Myths represent our experiences where they emerge and provide factual knowledge that can be used to understand human existence. It provides humans with the sense of creativity and artistry through developing ideas on selected concepts such as life and creation (Parker and Julie, 2006, 17). I believe the myth is an essential part of human life, and its presence is significant in helping human beings develop an understanding of their identity. Myths help in solving eternal questions such as the origin of existence. In addition, they are important since they provide guidance to all generations. As a result, individuals have better understanding of their lives by attaching to the myth developed. I believe mankind cannot fully understand why humans look to myths as an explanation to things that happen in the natural world. Tales include faith to something greater than our existence. Therefore, myths fill the gap in knowledge, and it’s the only chance of providing an explanation where no concept can expound the issues. Psychology cannot provide the required explanation since myths are deep rooted in humanity and exist in all

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Personal Statement Example I was a volunteer for the Memorial Sloan Kettering hospital, where my mother was getting treatment for cancer. Observing the hospital scenarios and the activities of doctors and health care professionals ignited a passion in me to be a doctor. Also, my mother had a dream of me going to a renowned university to continue studies. And, as she wished, I received a partial scholarship in the University of Maryland, where I was also given a chance to run the track and field for Maryland. I felt this was a golden moment in my life and left my mother with grandparents for further treatment. However, I used to commute back and forth from Maryland to New York to check the condition of my mother’s health. She passed away in 2009. When I was studying in the University of Maryland, I was engaging myself in community work. My admiration for community work developed due to the medical condition of my parents. Every time I visited a hospital, I could find people in distress and discomfort due to illnesses and diseases. At that moment, I had a strong urge to take a position of doctor to help the poor and the diseased. Studying at the University of Maryland, I was involved in 40 community service that was mandatory as a part of the CIVICUS program; in addition, I have joined a fraternity of brothers to give me support in my community service work. Apart from this, basketball and baseball were my passion, and I practiced them at inner city communities of Prince George’s county of Maryland and nearby Washington, DC. My participation in mentoring to manhood program allowed two boys struggling to pass from middle school to high school to achieve their goal. Even my connection with hospital was strong, as I raised funds for the underprivileged people at a suburban hospital. I was lucky enough to get an opportunity to shadow some doctors who were practicing at Emergency Medicine Department. My other experience of shadowing a doctor was when I encountered Dr. Julie Stark during my summer vacation at Los Angeles, C.A. Another highlight during the studies is my participation in research work at Walker Research Group in physical chemistry for 1.5 years. My research was on Isomer Partitioning across Water/Alkane Interfaces, which I value the most. I graduated from the University of Maryland on December 2010 and immediately was given a job at the United States Department of Treasury in the IT department. I was forced to take this job due to my financial situation; however, my goal was still to join a medical school. Later, in the fall of 2011, I decided to get admission to Caribbean Medical School, as my transcripts were not apt for a state school. Finally, I completed two semesters at IAU College of medicine where I also had the opportunity to have better experience of the third world conditions. While I was there, I had a chance to launch new programs like â€Å"Clothing Drive†, when children left the island for home. After I passed NBME exams i n anatomy and histology, I planned to move on to an American medical school for better qualifications. Even while working on my studies, I never left the community service and gave my partial attention to it. I can understand my urge to become a doctor, as the community in which I lived scarcely had access to medical treatment. As a doctor, I want to serve the people. Once I become doctor, I can live a life of comfort and luxury,

U05a1 Project Annotated Outline and Bibliography Essay - 1

U05a1 Project Annotated Outline and Bibliography - Essay Example 2. As explained by Beta – Research School for Operations Managements and logistics, â€Å"In the healthcare domain, explicit process specifications are often missing or not followed in practice. Research in process mining shows how specifications can be constructed from historic logs and conformance of practice to specifications can be analyzed. Process patterns play a role as abstract building blocks for processes, including the role of human performance aspects in process execution† (BETA). The above link is to the blog that relates to the several worker compensation articles and the article in this blog provides a clear insight into the issues that Tufts Medical Centre had been faced with for the lack of health and safety of the employees within the organization. This will form the base of the study and will bring out the basic reasons for the issue within the organization. This is an excellent article that has been provided and is one which provides excellent information and techniques for the operations management of the health care. This article also provides a clear insight into the long period of unnecessary treatment that a few patients need to go through and how the patients feel the issues due to the operational management lack in the organizations. This book provides excellent operation management and strategic implementation of the various tools and techniques that deal with the improvement of quality. The book is very effective and efficient as it provides an insight into the operations and also provides information relating to the improvement of the health care industry and the organizations. This website provides details of the organization in question and provides a clear insight into the world of Tuft Medical Center. The information from this website has been used to provide a clear understanding of the organization in focus. This forms a base for the paper and is an essential element of the

Gender Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Roles - Essay Example Gender roles These gender roles assumed in childhood were expected to continue to adulthood. The roles are passed from generation to generation though modifications occur such that roles or traits previously associated with males become apparent in females and vice versa. Adults tend to treat boys and girls differently right from infancy. This essay focuses on the gender roles and expectations on male and females in the society. The essay also depicts the different expectations that the society particularly parents have on the gender roles and how these perspectives affect the upbringing of boys and girls. Gender divergence creates a division between boys and girls and it becomes extremely hard to change the perception thus humans end up being categorized into males and females differentiated by their roles. For example, my brother and I were born in Angola. Right from childhood, we received differing attention and treatment. I was treated as if I was too delicate than my brother. Sometimes I wou ld demand for explanations but all I got was that men were supposed to be strong while girls required protection. This is a common phenomenon where most parents tend to shelter girls more than they protect the boy. Girls are appreciated depending on their appearance in terms of tidiness and organization while boys receive appraisal based on their achievements. Such actions persuade boys to be confident, competitive and develop a sense of independence while girls are encouraged to be caring, pleasant, as well as dependent. This results in a society where men are decision makers while women are supposed to go along the decisions. (Lindsey 122-130). Another difference that was eminent when my brother and I were growing up was the different ways in which our rooms were decorated. My room was filled with baby dolls and while my brothers was beautified with wall hangings with aircrafts and machines. My brother also had plenty of toys such as toy guns and cars, which I was not allowed to p lay with. Sometimes, I would disobey the decree and play with my brother’s toy. However, I was greatly ridiculed if met by other girls playing with my brother’s toy and they would refer to me as ‘Tom boy’. Another difference that arises when boys and children are being brought up is the difference in the roles they are accorded. The gender differences that eventually arise between boys and girls are socially built (Lindsey 25-28). Referring to my case, I was expected to help my mother in the household duties such as cleaning dishes. Conversely, my brother was always out playing or assisted the gardener in mowing. The kind of people children develop into is enormously determined by what they watch their parents do or what they are obliged to do. My mother did the house tasks while my father toiled for the family. When I was 12 years old, I told my mother that I was bleeding and she said that was my period. From this time to my 18, she was so worried about m e having sex because I could get pregnant, telling me that am too young to have a boyfriend. I was restricted from going out with boys since my mother feared that they could influence me negatively or impregnate me. On the contrary, my brother was free to go out and have fun with his friends. At the age of fourteen, my brother would come home at eight in the evening and my parents seemed less concerned

William Goldings Lord of the flies, and Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde Essay Example for Free

William Goldings Lord of the flies, and Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde Essay Both William Goldings Lord of the flies, and Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde focus on the duality of mans evil and the reasons for that sudden change in character. Golding is rather more interested in group evil, and the way that this develops in people, whereas Stevenson focuses on singular evil and the powers that drive a man to befriend the devil. In 1954, after being in the Second World War, Golding reflected on the evil he had seen in his fellow men, and was appalled at how cruel, animal like, and savage humans could be. He wrote this book to show the real nature of men and how taking away civilized society could change people very quickly into evil creatures, once the rules have all but gone, I learned during World War two just how brutal people can be to each other. Not Just Germans or Japanese, but everyone. I tried to point that out. Some have said that the brutality of the novel is impossible, its not, look at any newspaper, William Golding emphasizing the evil theme to his book. Being a teacher in the 1950s, he was in constant contact with younger children and was shocked at their naivety and lack of belief that evil existed in their picture perfect society. So on the island to represent evil, he created Jack Merridew. Jack is a parody of Hitler, who in the 1940s was trying to take over the world with his Nazi regime, Jack stabbed in the air with his index finger, this quote shows a certain likeness to Hitlers behavior and his very evil mind. Being brought up in Victorian England, Stevenson was living in a very class orientated society. Issues such as sex, crime, and murder were all both brushed under the carpet and forgotten about, or were never spoken of in social context. Middle class Victorian men were expected to be true gentlemen to whom sex was a very low priority. This ignoring of sex and other taboo issues led many men and women to lead double lives; in public they were very orderly and well conducted but behind closed doors or when darkness fell they would emerge and show the true nature of their wildly person. Evil was also another subject that was totally ignored, and consequently people denied its existence. So, in his book Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Stevenson aimed to show that evil was alive and well in Victorian London society and that middle class peoples double personalities could be very different and often a great deal more sinister than the face that they showed in public. The amount of evil and villainous material in Victorian literature was so little, so being influenced by such novels as Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and big crimes of the day such as Jack the Ripper, he decided to write and to explore the idea of what evil in texts would be like. In Lord of the Flies evil is explored and displayed in the form of two young boys; Jack and Roger. This alone is quite unusual as young boys are not usually classed or seen as evil characters, but this book is anything but usual in every sense of the word. In this novel the main evil character, Jack has a definite need to dictate over all others around.

Theory Of Self And Self Concept Essay Example for Free

Theory Of Self And Self Concept Essay Karen Horney formulated a theory of neurotic needs which is central to the understanding of the development of personality (Paris, 1994). Horney developed her assumptions from experience as a psychotherapist and falls under the psychoanalytic tradition in the sense that she emphasized childhood experiences influenced how adults develop their own personal constructs. She said that basic anxiety as perceived by the child in relation to its feelings of alienation and helplessness with his/her relationship with his/her parents motivates the child to develop various strategies to cope with these feelings of isolation and helplessness (Horney, 1950). When the child has to resort to these strategies in a regular manner, then these strategies may become more or less permanent fixtures of personality. In her early writings Horney identified ten neurotic needs that a person utilizes to find solutions to its problems and anxiety, these were then categorized as falling under moving towards people, moving away from people and moving against from people (Paris, 1994). Furthermore, Horney believed that any of these three orientations can be assumed by the person as a way of life and hence influence his/her relationships with other people. These orientations are the source of inner conflict in the sense that the person develops an unrealistic conception of the self and tries to live up to that idealized self. The normal person could resolve these neurotic needs easily because they have a stronger sense of self. Horney also developed a theory of self wherein the self defined the person’s ability to become well integrated or to become neurotic (Quinn, 1987). For Horney, the self is the core of a persons being, it is seen as the driving force behind the persons ability to transcend its existence in relation to other people. If a person has an accurate concept of the self then he/she does not need to resort to neurotic needs and he/she is more attuned to the realization of personal potentials. On the other hand, the neurotic is handicapped by the conflicting despised self and idealized self. To the neurotic, the self is divided into two opposing forces the despised personal characteristics that we believe we have based on other people’s perception of us and the personal traits that we lack and strive to live up to. The neurotic self is pulled by these two forces at the same time and is referred to as the tyranny of the shoulds and neurotic striving for glory. While the person fluctuates between hating themselves and pretending they are perfect, they become estranged from their true core and thus fail to realize their potentials. Carl Rogers (1959) of the humanistic tradition is well known for his person-centered theory that has become one of the most influential methods of psychotherapy. Rogers emphasized that the key to a person’s development of personality is how he/she forms his/her self-concept. The self-concept refers to the ideas and perceptions that the individual has about his/her self and is manifested through his/her experiences of â€Å"I† and â€Å"me† (Kahn, 1996). Moreover, the self-concept is not only affected by the how the person evaluates his/her self in relation to the real world but it also dictates how that person behaves towards that world. Thus, a person who believes him/her self to be strong and powerful will behave differently from someone who believes that he/she is weak and helpless. It is a normal tendency for man to behave according to their self-concept and evaluates his/her experience as congruent or incongruent to his/her self-concept. Any inconsistencies between the person’s experience and his/her self-concept will cause anxiety and the person then tries to deal with this anxiety by denying the incongruence which would then become a way of life and lead to maladjustment (Ford, 1991). Rogers also identified the ideal self as the kind of person that we wish and strive to become, the more similar the real self is to the ideal self, the better adjusted the person is. On the other hand, if the discrepancy between the ideal self and the real self is wide then the person will become unhappy and dissatisfied. Horney and Rogers both developed a theory of self from two opposing perspectives, while they may share similar views on their theoretical discussions of the self, they also differ considerably in several points. Horney and Rogers both defined the self as the core of a person’s being and personality. The development of the self was seen as the product of the person’s experience and his/her evaluation of that experience in relation to his/her feelings and perceptions of his/her self. This indicates that the self is an important construct that each person subscribes to and is later shaped through external and internal influences. Thus, the self is affected by how other people relate to us and how we define who we are. In spite of this similarity, Horney and Rogers differed in how the self influences the development of maladjustment and neurosis. To Horney, the self is torn between the despised self and the idealized self while Rogers believed that the inconsistencies between the behaviors of the person and how he/she perceives him/her self would lead to maladjustment. Moreover, to Horney the idealized self has a negative connotation in that it is a set of beliefs about the self that a person should live up to but fails to because it is impossible to attain. Rogers has a more positive treatment of the ideal self, to Rogers the ideal self represents the qualities and personal traits that we wish and strive to become, and the person continues to work towards this ideal self and that it is attainable. Despite this difference, both Horney and Rogers believed that the self is capable of realizing its potentials, to Horney if a person is healthy, he/she would be free to seek to develop his/her potentials, and Rogers believed that the self is constantly in the process of self-actualization. Horney and Rogers both developed their theory of the self from their professional practice, however, Horney came to it as a byproduct of her theory on neurotic needs while Rogers observed during psychotherapy that clients always referred to the self and hence he deduced that the self was of prime importance. Horney was one of the first to identify the self as central to the development of personality and neurosis. However, Horney emphasized that without a strong sense of self the person will be consumed by his/her neurotic needs corresponding to the person’s self-image. While Roger’s conception of the self and the self-concept positively impacts how a person behaves towards other people and his/her world. This means that Roger’s felt that the self is very real and that we are constantly in touch with who we are while to Horney, the normal person has a more real self than the neurotic one. Furthermore, the neurotic self can only resolve its anxieties by becoming integrated as a person and by identifying and controlling behaviors that are motivated by neurotic needs. This is quite similar to how Rogers explained that a person who is maladjusted has only to be able to believe in his self and to identify the discrepancy within his/her self-concept and his/her actions. References Ford, J. (1991). Rogerss theory of personality: Review and perspectives. In A. Jones R. Crandall (Eds.), Handbook of self-actualization. [Special Issue]. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(5), 19-44. Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization. New York, WW Norton. Kahn, E. (1996). The intersubjective perspective and the client-centered approach: Are they one at their core? Psychotherapy, 33, 30-42. Paris, B. (1994). Karen Horney: A Psychoanalysts Search for Self-understanding. New Haven: Yale University Press.   Quinn, S. (1987).   Mind of Her Own: the Life of Karen Horney. New York: Summit Books.   Rogers, C. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (ed.). Psychology: A study of science. (pp. 184-256). New York: McGraw Hill.

Anthropology Concepts Derived from Functionalism and Culture

Anthropology Concepts Derived from Functionalism and Culture Malinowski: His approach to anthropology was based on functionalism and culture. Functionalism ascribes meaning, function, and purpose to the elements within a whole. Culture defines that whole, and it constitutes the entity in which the various functional elements act and are interdependent. Malinowskis understanding of functionalism was in large part derived from a system of balanced reciprocity that he observed while conducting fieldwork. This system is known as the Kula Ring and involves annual inter-island visits between trading partners who exchange highly valued shell ornaments. The goods used in Kula exchanges consist of two types: necklaces (soulava) and armbands (mwali). Neither trade item is particularly well made or crafted of rare materials. He inferred that the principal motivation for the enormous expenditure of time and effort involved in Kula expeditions to be non-utilitarian. In the system, each participant is linked to two partners. One partner trades a necklace in return for an armband of equivalent value. The other makes a reverse exchange of an armband for a necklace. While each Kula partner is tied to only two other partners, each contact has an additional connection on either end of the distribution chain. This eventually forms the Kula Ring and this links more than a dozen islands over hundreds of miles of ocean. Malinowski reasoned that the expense and preoccupation with Kula trade must be functional in nature and most likely served to solve fundamental spatial problems in the Islanders lives. He argued that Kula Ring served three functions in Trobriand society. First, it serves to establish friendly relations among the inhabitants of different islands and maintain a pattern of peaceful contact and communication over great distances with trading partners who might or might not speak the same language. It provides the occasion for the inter-island exchange of utilitarian items. These utilitarian items are shipped back and forth in the course of Kula expeditions. Finally, they reinforce status, since the hereditary chiefs own the most important shell valuables and it is their responsibility for directing ocean voyages. Sahlin Second, symbolic objects and gifts have long been recognized as a form of interartion that can create meaning for group memebers, especially in terms of fostering connection among group memebers or between groups. Polanyi (1944) and Sahlin (1972) showed how, until very recently in human history, was not about gaining profit but about forging and maintaining group solidarity. Marcel mauss: To give, to accept, and to reciprocate. Door Janet T. Landa Malinowski rejected the notion that Kula gift exchanges were motivated by economic considerations. Rather, Malinowksi emphasized that the motives were social and psychological. Thus began a long debate among anthropologists attempting to to unravel the puizzle of the Kula ring. As a result of subsequent work by anthropologists, a view began to crystallize that the instrumental function of the Kula Ring was the creation op political order via the creation of networks of alliances among stateless societeies so as to facilitate commercial trade. This view, implicitly or explicitly, attributed an underlying economic function to Kula gift exchanges and did much to explain a major puzzle of the Kula ring. The anthropological viewpoint – that the Kula gift exchange system creates primitive laws and order in a stateless societies – is consistent with modern PR PC theory, which emphasizeds the importance of institustions in facilitating exchange. Richard Posner (1980) in his ins ightful paper on the economic functions of institutions of primitive societeies, explains the Kula ringa as an institution that facilitated trade. Quoting Belshaw (1965), Posner says: â€Å" The Kula itself wsa not oriented to mindividual trade in ints ceremonial activities. But alonghside the kula persons visiting theru partners took advantage of the oppurtunities to engage in trade. Malinoswki makes point that kula partners would exchange gifts of a trade character in addition to vaygu ‘s (the ornamental objects exchanged in the kula ring), and the szecurity afforded by the partenership would make it possible for the visitor to make contact with other persons in the village and trade with them. An explanation of the Kula ring in terms of its role in facilitating trade, while explaining the major puzzle of the kula ring, leaves unanswered tow other major puzzles of the kula ring – not explained by anthropologist or anyone else. The two puzzled, which this paper will attempt to explain, are 1. Why is the Kula trade organized in the form of a ring of connected partners? and 2. why in the kula ring are there two different ceremonial goods circulating in opposite directions perceptually around the ring? In this chapter we on PR-PC theory of the economics od signaling to develop a theory of the Kula ring that will unravel the Kula puzzles. Fundamental to our theory of the Kula ring is the assumption that transaction costs are positive. The emphasis on the importance of the foundations of modern PR-PC theory and modern monetary theory. Recdently, the insoight that â€Å"institutions matter† in a world with positive transactin costst has been extended to explain certain institutions of primitive societies. The theory of the kula ring presented in this chapter is consisten with the transaction costst approach to intitutions in emphasizing that the kula ring is an institutional arrangement that emerged primarily in orde to economize on transaction costs of intertribal commercial exchange in stateless societies. WAY OF GIVE AND TAKE IN KULA A visiting Kula partner arrives with a â€Å"solicitary gift† (e.g. food) and is given an â€Å"opening gift†, say a necklace, from his host Kula partner, the must be reciprocated woth a counter-gift, an armshell, of equivalent value at a future date. It should be noted that no kula valuables are carried on overseas kula expeditions; the visiting kula partner visits his host partner in order to receive gifts and not to give them. Between any two kula partners, the is an institutionalized delayed reciprocity, involving two opposite kinds of objects. But at the same time, each of these two objects must be passed on in one direction only so that a chain of unidirectional trading kula partners is built up in the kula ring. The global structure of the kula exchange is one that is characterized by cyclical, indirect reciprocation between connected pairs of partners (levi-strauss 1969). Furthermore, a time limit is also prescribed for a recipient of a gift to pass it on to one of his partners: A man who is in the kula, never keeps any article for longer thas, say, a year or tweo. Even this exposes him to the reproach of being â€Å"niggardly† and certain districts have the bad reputationj of being â€Å"slow† and â€Å"hard† in the kula†¦ (Malinowski, 1961). In this Kula gift exchange the equivalence of the closing gift is left to the giver. What are the mechanisms for ensuring that the partners will honor the obligation to reciprocate? Four mechanisms can be identified. 1. Role of â€Å"intermediary gifts†: if a kula partner cannot repay his partner when the latter visits him, he must reciprocate the opening gift with a smaller gift, and â€Å"intermediary gift†, given in token of good faith, which itself must be reciprocated by his partner. Thus the time interval between receiving the opening gift and reciprocating the closing gift is bridged by a series of smaller gift exchanges between Kula partners. 2. Role of reputation: A kula partner who does not repay a gift will eventually lose his reputation and Kula partners. 3. Role of â€Å"give and take† moral code in which the wealthy man is obligated to share wealth: the higher the rank the greater the obligation 4. Role of public magical rites and ceremonial acts: magical rites and public ceremonial acts always accompany an overseas Kula expedition; these rites and ceremonies â€Å"act indirectly on the mind of ones partner and make him soft, insteady in mind and eager to give kula gifts†. Malinowski also suggested the use of sorcery by a kula trader against the defaulting partner. A third set of rules governs membership in the kula ring. Kula exchange is not free exchange between anonymous parties whenever the opportunity arises. Strict rules govern who can enter the Kula ring. To enter the ring, a man must inherit a kula object and magic from his father or mothers brother. Once he obtains a kula object, he can initiate a kula partnership with his fathers or mothers brothers partners or other partners in the kula ring. Once a kula partnership is established, it is a lifelong partnership and is passed on from generation to generation: â€Å" Once in the kula, always in the kula.† Not all East Papuo-Melanasionans in massim, however, can participate in the Kula ring. For example, ceratin â€Å"inferior† sub-clans in Kiriwana are excluded. A man can have few or many partners depending on his rank. A commoner in the trobriands would have a few partners who lived in nearby islands, whereas a chief would have hundreds of partners distributed over several islands. But there is a geographic limit beyond which no kula traders, not even the most influential chief, has any partnerd and the furthest limits of kula partnership are the same for all the memebers of the kula community. Thus, for example, no man in SIneketa has any partners in Kitiva, and no man in S.E. Dobu or Dobu island has Kila partners in Sineketa. Beyond the geographic limit , however, a kula trader still know the mnames of his indirect partners, i.e. the partnersfo his partners.. Participants of the kula ring regard the kula trade as acircular system (Damon 1983). The pattern of kula exchange is ver comples. The simplest structure of exchange would be one in which: If we were to imagin that in the kkula ring, there are many peopke who have only one partern at each side, the the ring would consist of a lartge number of closed circuits, on each of which the same article swould constantly pass. However, the actual structure of the kula exchange is much more complex since Every small kula man , as a a rule, has on one side or the other, the big one, that is a chief. And every chief plays the part of a shunting –station for kula objects. Having so many partners on each side, he constantly transfers an object from one strand to another. EIGEN TEKST (uit boven staande site ge parafraseert) Structure of intertribal commercial trade Anthropologists that studied Malinowskis account of the Kula ring (Campbell 1983; Dalton 1978); Mauss 1979; Sahlins 1969; Uberoi 1971) , feel that Malinowski underestimated the importance of the economical function of the Kula ring, and the way in which it made commercial exchange much easier. Looking closer at the trade process, it is noted that there is a division and specialization of work. Different parties have different specialties for which they are known (e.g. yams, wooden bowls, pots, sago, canoes, etc.), and there is a certain pattern in the different kinds of those finest products that are exchanged between islands in the Kula ring (e.g. yams from the Trobriands against pots from the Amphletts). MAIN POINTS ACCORDING TO MS KOMTER Its all about relationships, social capital. Kula the ring of power, identity/status Identity confirmed by what you receive Will the kula survive ïÆ'   essay question Right of passage Obligations (inner) Generosity ïÆ'   exoectations of return Magic Role of taking risks ïÆ'   negative more important than positive experiences, dare to be courageous. Going through all shit makes you a man. Classical anthropologists and ethnologists like Malinowski, Mauss and Là ©vi-Strauss studied the origins of social order by focusing at a very concrete habit that appears to be wide-spread in archaic society: the exchange of gifts. The principle of give-and-take, or reciprocity, proves to be the main underlying rule, and it is this principle that fulfills a crucial role in creating social ties, trust and community. The exchange of gifts makes possible other types of exchange: of material and nonmaterial goods, services, help and information. These anthropologists not only described the practices of gift giving in great detail but also pointed to their manifold – social, religious, psychological, esthetical, juridical – functions. The functionalist approach exemplified in the work of Malinowski is echoed in Durkheims views on the functions of mechanical and organic solidarity. From the anthropological studies a greater range of possible motives for solidarity can be dis tilled compared to the studies by sociologists. GOOD QUOTES Levi-Strauss: Goods are not only economic commodities but vehicles and instruments for realities of another order: influence, power, sympathy, status, emotion; and the skillful game of exchange consists of a complex totality of maneuvers, conscious or unconscious, in order to gain security and to fortify ones self against risks incurred through alliances and rivalry. Radin 1971: There is no such thing as a free gift Levi-strauss 1969: Exchanges are peacefully resolved wars and wars are the result of unsuccessful transactions.

Industrial Revolution Essay -- History, England, Materialism

During the industrial revolution of England, by engaging in monotonous work, humans became disconnected with nature. By the nineteenth century, when William Wordsworth wrote the sonnet The world is too much with us, the process of industrialization had transformed a worker’s life, leaving no time or place to enjoy or take part in nature. In his Petrarchan sonnet, Wordsworth criticizes humans for losing their hearts to materialism and longs for a world where nature is divine. In the first four lines, the poet angrily addresses the theme of the sonnet which is that the modern age has lost its connection to nature and to everything meaningful. The words â€Å"late and soon† (1) are part of a list that continues in the next line with the phrase â€Å"getting and spending† (2). The line break is for the purpose of the structure of the sonnet. Late and soon refer to the fast pace of the industrial age, and they describe how the past and future are included in the poet’s characterization of mankind. â€Å"Too† (1) and â€Å"soon† (1) have a long vowel â€Å"oo† sound since industrialization, and therefore, exploitation of nature, had been occurring for a long time before Wordsworth wrote this sonnet. Wordsworth wanted to express how â€Å"soon† (1) this exploitation would become known to others by placing the sharp consonant â€Å"n† after the long vowel sound. The caesura in line 1 after the word  "us† (1) gives the reader a chance to feel and reflect upon the weight of the world resting on humanity’s shoulders after the poet’s statement that the world is too fragile for humans to handle. Humanity’s â€Å"powers† (2) have gone to â€Å"waste† (2), which in this context means that they have been used inefficiently. However, other connotations for the word â€Å"waste† (2) are things t... ...ch the narrator responds to her death, is connected to nature but dies before she can attain her own distinct consciousness away from nature. Lucy is connected to nature and exists in a state between the spiritual and human. However, she represents a state of consciousness and exists within the poem as part of the narrator's consciousness. Nature is being portrayed as something almost devine, just as the mythical Greek gods from The world is too much with us were Wordsworth’s favorable alternative to human exploitation of nature. Nevertheless, there is a difference between one being too connected to nature, as Lucy was, and one being nearly disconnected from nature, as humanity was portrayed in The world is too much with us. The only way to be in harmony with nature is to accept nature for what it is – to not to be overly connected with it, but not to exploit it. Industrial Revolution Essay -- History, England, Materialism During the industrial revolution of England, by engaging in monotonous work, humans became disconnected with nature. By the nineteenth century, when William Wordsworth wrote the sonnet The world is too much with us, the process of industrialization had transformed a worker’s life, leaving no time or place to enjoy or take part in nature. In his Petrarchan sonnet, Wordsworth criticizes humans for losing their hearts to materialism and longs for a world where nature is divine. In the first four lines, the poet angrily addresses the theme of the sonnet which is that the modern age has lost its connection to nature and to everything meaningful. The words â€Å"late and soon† (1) are part of a list that continues in the next line with the phrase â€Å"getting and spending† (2). The line break is for the purpose of the structure of the sonnet. Late and soon refer to the fast pace of the industrial age, and they describe how the past and future are included in the poet’s characterization of mankind. â€Å"Too† (1) and â€Å"soon† (1) have a long vowel â€Å"oo† sound since industrialization, and therefore, exploitation of nature, had been occurring for a long time before Wordsworth wrote this sonnet. Wordsworth wanted to express how â€Å"soon† (1) this exploitation would become known to others by placing the sharp consonant â€Å"n† after the long vowel sound. The caesura in line 1 after the word  "us† (1) gives the reader a chance to feel and reflect upon the weight of the world resting on humanity’s shoulders after the poet’s statement that the world is too fragile for humans to handle. Humanity’s â€Å"powers† (2) have gone to â€Å"waste† (2), which in this context means that they have been used inefficiently. However, other connotations for the word â€Å"waste† (2) are things t... ...ch the narrator responds to her death, is connected to nature but dies before she can attain her own distinct consciousness away from nature. Lucy is connected to nature and exists in a state between the spiritual and human. However, she represents a state of consciousness and exists within the poem as part of the narrator's consciousness. Nature is being portrayed as something almost devine, just as the mythical Greek gods from The world is too much with us were Wordsworth’s favorable alternative to human exploitation of nature. Nevertheless, there is a difference between one being too connected to nature, as Lucy was, and one being nearly disconnected from nature, as humanity was portrayed in The world is too much with us. The only way to be in harmony with nature is to accept nature for what it is – to not to be overly connected with it, but not to exploit it.

Theme of Suffering in Musee des Beaux Arts by W.H. Auden Essay examples

A poem is a great way to express your feelings as well as get your point across. Each poet tells their story but sometimes it isn't so easy to figure out what it is trying to say. There are occasions where you have to break that poem into pieces and figure the story behind that selection. These individual pieces come together like a puzzle to teach you the lesson it intended to teach. The different pieces in the poem we read can give you a general idea of suffering, the idea that people undergo pain and distress. In the poem 'Musee des Beaux Arts' by W.H. Auden it is under that suffering occurs everywhere while not always seen, however, when seen everyone is apathetic. Within the poem, Auden makes a reference to the Greek myth of Icarus. Icarus falls to his watery grave after flying to close to the sun. ?First the fisherman, shepard and the farmer are on the scene at the time of Icarus? fall, not as he and Daedalus simply soar overhead like gods?. (Ruby Mary K & Marie Rose Napierkowski: 154-155). This line tells us how three men saw them flying as if they were gods. is that the ?failure? of Icarus is of little importance to these living and laboring, that, as a German proverb states, ?No plough is stopped for the sake of a dying man? (Ruby Mary K & Marie Rose Napierkowski: 154-155). As this quote describes the three men did not stop what they were doing to help Icarus who was dying. Two of the men did not see Icarus suffering so they went along with their lives, but the fisherman saw Icarus struggling as the water entered his lungs. The fisherman went along with his life and just let Icarus die. Later on in Auden?s poem he states that . The expens ive delicate ship that must have seen something amazing, a boy falling out of t... ...f the canvas? (Ruby Mary K & Marie Rose Napierkowski: 154-155). In this painting Jesus suffers as he drags the large cross to his execution. Besides for their own comfort there was a reason to kill Jesus. He endured pain and suffering throughout his whole journey. From all of the people in the painting you can see that there were people who witnessed his suffering, but they were withheld from helping by the torturer and ?the torturers horse?. Breughel painted ?human position? and ?how it takes place?. Each of his three paintings depicts W.H Auden?s idea of people and their relationship with suffering. W.H Auden?s ?Musee des Beaux Arts? there are many allusions to others suffering. These examples all help to support the moral of his poem. Suffering is all around us, yet we still do nothing to stop it. This illustrates his point by showing ignorance in all people.

A Scream in the Night :: essays research papers

natasha Smith. A Scream in the Night. Chapter 1 Ahhhhhhhh†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I jumped out of my bed and turned on the night. I slowly creaped over to my bedroom window, what I saw was petrifying. A humongous light came bursting in at me I was sure that it wasn’t the sun. It came closer each second, closer, closer and closer, bigger, bigger and bigger. But before I got to faint, Mum got up and the light dissapeared. Weird. Chapter 2 I put on my warm and cosy dressingown, slipped my foot into my bright and yellow slippers, and crept down the creaky stairs for breakfast, trying to act normal. When I got there I said,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Morning Mum, Morning Dad.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Morning,† Replied Mum and Dad. I sat down and said nothing, Still wondering what weird thing could happened this morning. Chapter 3 I sat there thinking what could have happened?, what could it be?, how could it be? Mum noticed me being quiet, she asked, â€Å" Dear what is the matter? You look awfully pale.† At first I wasn’t listening, then she asked again,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Oh, Oh nothing mother†, trying to keep it to myself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Look what ever it is you can tell me you know I wont bite! She explained.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Look mother, I’m ok, just abit tired that’s all.† I roared. I knew it wasn’t ok though. Just maybe I’ll tell her one day, but just maybe. Chapter 4 When I went to bed, I woke up again at midnight, I turned on my light, but when I turned around†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Ahhhhhhhh†¦. Cried a voice coming from outside. I went to the window and looked in the sky, there was a man he was very red and looked half alive and half dead. Then he said nothing else, and just layed there, then he dissapeared. I ran into mums room and said â€Å" Mum, Mum wake up,† Mum said â€Å" Yes dear,†she mumbled.

Genetic Engineering Is the Key to a Better Future

In February 1997, Dolly, the first mammalian clone was born in Edinburgh, Scotland (Wilson, 2003, p104). With this achievement, the public starts to give attention towards the study of genetic engineering and recombinant of DNA. Since that successful achievement onwards, people, governments and organizations had been aroused by the genetic engineering issues. The consequences of this debate had been a public protest against the use of such experimental procedures – genetic engineering. The exploration of genetic engineering is just the beginning and this field of study should not be protested because it has a lot of advantages to improve the quality of life for all. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Before that, what is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification which is the human manipulation of organism’s genetic material in a way that does not occur under natural conditions. It involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques, but does not include traditional animal and plant breeding or mutagenesis. Besides that, it is also the use of various methods to manipulate the DNA (genetic material) of cells to change hereditary traits or produce biological products. The techniques include the use of hybridomas (hybrids of rapidly multiplying cancer cells and of cells that make a desired antibody) to make monoclonal antibodies; gene splicing or recombinant DNA, in which the DNA of a desired gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, which then reproduces itself, yielding more of the desired gene; and polymerase chain reaction, which makes perfect copies of DNA fragments and is used in DNA fingerprinting (Arora, 2007). This new technology of genetic engineering dates back to the 1950’s. In 1951 three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA (Wilson, 2003, p1 & p11). Later, they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin, 1984). DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries a living organism’s genetic code. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Later they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. In 1972 Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecules by combined DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus. The first genetic engineering company, Genentech, was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson in 1976. Genetic engineering could be used to enhance people’s lives by its application to plants and animals used for food (Wilson, 2003, p115). Genetic engineering should be allowed to progress because of the potential benefits for the human species. For example, it will be possible for cows to will be genetically engineered to produce pharmaceuticals in their milk. This means that vaccination shots and pills would become obsolete. Babies could be brought up immune to diseases by simply being fed this milk. Imagine the impact on the quality of life for people who live in third world countries like Somalia. Countries could be made healthy and immune to disease. Malnutrition, a common problem in many third world countries â€Å"where impoverished people rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet† (Whitman, 2000), could also possibly be cured with genetic engineering. Rice does not provide all of the nutrients that the body needs in third world countries and other food is very scarce. If rice or bread, another major staple, is genetically engineered to contain additional necessary vitamins and minerals then we could go a long way towards wiping out malnutrition all over the world. In addition, farmers who breed plants and animals specifically can be engineered to produce more meat or fruit, faster and easier than normal, then food would become cheaper and more plentiful. Furthermore, better tasting and more nutritious foods, fruits and vegetables with desired qualities can be produced. The area that stands to benefit the most from genetic engineering is medicine. Organ transplants and cosmetic procedures, like silicone breast implants, that may cause disease would soon cease to exist. Instead of using materials foreign to the body for such procedures, doctors will be able to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that match the patient's tissues exactly, thus ensuring that the needed tissue will be free of rejection by their immune system. Victims of terrible accidents who deform the face and body would be able to have their features repaired with new and safer technology. Limbs for amputees would be regenerated and anyone would be able to have their appearance altered to their satisfaction without the risk of leaking silicone gel into their bodies, or the other problems that occur with present day plastic surgery. Because genetic engineering will insure acceptance by the body, those in desperate need of organ and other transplants will one-day have their prayers answered by cloning. Using one's own cells to grow whole organs will eliminate the need for organ donors and waiting lists. Skin, brain cells, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could all be produced. Those who suffer from spinal injuries, like Christopher Reeve, might one day be able to get out of their wheelchairs and walk again. Genetic engineering also has the power to cure infertility, which a painful reality that many couples throughout the world face. â€Å"The current options for infertile couples are inefficient, painful, expensive, and heart breaking† (Human Cloning Foundation). Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. According to the Human Cloning Foundation, less than 10 percent of the current infertility treatments are successful. Genetic engineering could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before by boosting success rates through nuclear transfer of sperm from the father into the mother's egg, thus creating a beautiful unique child. The exploration of genetic engineering is just the beginning but most of the society is totally against this field of study. Most of them states that genetic engineering is not part of the natural order of things. The concept that society needs to understand is that with the right amount of time and money, genetic engineering will help to reduce diseases and save many lives. Many people do not realize that genetic engineering plays a vital role in many lives throughout the world. Genetic engineering includes artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, sperm banks, cloning, and gene manipulation (Goetz, 1990). Synthetic insulin is now available for use to treat diabetes. This man made insulin has many positive aspects, which include its life span, the cost to manufacture it and the amount that is available. The synthetic insulin lasts for two to three times longer than its natural form and costs substantially less to manufacture than to extract it from an animal. One other benefit is the amount that can be manufactured. In animals, the scientists need to wait for it to mature to extract the insulin. The synthetic source is completely man made and any amount can be manufactured in large quantities. The replication of insulin is not the only way biotechnology is being utilized. Today, people receive synthetic hormones that their body cannot produce such as growth hormones, thyroid, estrogen, and testosterone. Vaccines are also another form of genetic engineering that has been used for many years. Vaccines already protect against disease to a certain extent, but for a virus like HIV, it is too risky to inject somebody with a vaccine. The reason for this is because a vaccine is a solution that contains a dead or weakened virus that has been synthetically prepared. Further work on a HIV vaccine could save many lives and possibly eliminate the disease. With the technology genetic engineering, this biotechnology makes it possible for more people to live. Other than insulin, plants are also being genetically engineered. This type of genetic engineering is more commonly accepted, but why? It is no different for a plant to be able to fight off pests then it is for a human to be able to fight off diseases. This is a contradiction, because society is saying that it is all right for a plant to be genetically engineered but not a human. Besides part of the natural order of things, people do question about the moral aspects. The moral question of genetic engineering is answered by looking at the advances in medicine. Today the advancements in medicine are evolving at high rate. If the science of genetic engineering is wrong, then so are the rest of the advances in medicine. The reason is because genetic engineering is just another form of medical advancement. Gene manipulation is not going to be used for any other purpose except for the treatment and elimination of disease. The one thing that people need to realize is the potential of genetic engineering. Try to visualize what parents of a child is dying from a disease like multiple sclerosis think about the benefits of genetic engineering. Do they think that it is morally wrong or right? They think that it is right because it is going to save their child’s life. Cloning is another form of genetic engineering that is not accepted as morally right. According to Gunter Kahl (2009), â€Å"Clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms originating from one single ancestral cell or organism. The term ‘Clone’ originates from Greek word ‘Klon’, which means ‘twig’ †. For example, to clone a human heart, scientist does not have to clone the whole person. They only need to clone the heart by itself. There would be no purpose in cloning a person, because it offers science little or no benefits. If somebody is cloned, it does not mean it will be the same person in every way. It only means that their genetic makeup will be exactly alike. The environment in which they grow up plays a major role in the development of the person’s personality. Safety of genetic engineering is also something that presents as a concern. Today the Federal and State Governments set many limitations on biotechnological industries. The FDA and State Governments impose limits such as the illegalization of human cloning and limits on other genetic engineering processes. The only legal forms of genetic engineering that are used today are in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and sperm banks. Another form of genetic engineering is the use of gene therapy. Gene therapy is illegal because people should not be able to create the perfect child, but they should be able to correct a gene in a child if it has a chance of being born with Down syndrome. The safety precautions are the effect in order to save the lives of unborn babies. Gene therapy cannot be used on humans until it is perfected and when there is not even little or no chance of failure. These sciences are not perfect but giving it a few years to improve it then it will be a great benefit to the human race. Cloning is also related to the safety issue in genetic engineering. In terms cloning, it is not safe to clone a human. It took 277 trials to successfully clone Dolly the sheep. This should not stop scientists from trying to clone organs that could save many lives. Currently three states banned the cloning of humans. Among the states are Michigan, Rhode Island, and California. The state banns will stay in effect for five years in California and Rhode Island. In the state of Michigan, if convicted of attempting or cloning a human there is a number of penalties, including a ten-year prison sentence. With this amount of time, the scientists will have perfected the process of cloning and it will be accepted more than it is now. The safety regulations of cloning only extend to human cloning at the present time. This is due to the fact that cloning is not perfect and some abnormalities and failures may have come about in this new technology. Society cannot expect to be perfect the first time it does something, but merely get better as they practice. The more tests that are done on bacteria, plants, and organisms the more effective genetic engineering will benefit human life in the future. Scientists are also able to detect abnormalities in the cloned organism before it has even started to develop. By monitoring the DNA of the organism, scientists can decide if the clone will be able to further develop. If it is not able to then the process can be terminated. With all the benefits mentioned earlier, genetic engineering does bring a lot of advantages for all. However, most people throughout the world still feel that the issue of genetic engineering is unethical (Wilson, 2003, p133). Even though genetic engineering is a new aspect of our technological research, it should, at all costs, be allowed to develop further. The possible benefits from genetic engineering are endless. Genetic engineering, then, is a tool that humans can use to cure many of their problems. The possibilities are endless if only we do not let ourselves be restricted by those who are afraid of the unknown. The people of the world should ease up on holding back the evolution of science and realize its possibilities for future generations.

A Bump On Tobacco Road

In North Carolina, the governor may be the top public official, but for the previous(prenominal) 200 years tobacco has been king. The convey grows half of all the tobacco in the United States, and the original cash preen remains its economic backbone.But beginning conterminous month, North Carolina pass on be piazza to one of the nations toughest callownessfulness smoke virtues, with a shun on tobacco design in public grooms. Most students cant have at coach anyway, but the law applies to everyone on campus, year-round pargonnts in the stands at football games, maintenance crews in the naturalise garage, teachers in the parking lot.Getting the law passed was no simple feat in a state that still depends on multitude lighting up. North Carolina spends just 4 percent of its annual $426 million of tobacco r yetue on heater cake (less than half the minimum federal recommendation), and, at 35 cents, maintains one of the coun exploits lowest tooshie taxes. In all, it too k six years of local anesthetic advocacy and the votes of all 115 of the states school boards.It wasnt easy, says Mark Ezell, the states tobacco-free-campus director. I got called a national socialist a some times. Health advocates who expect the state to go further are likely to be called a few more things.Source Philips, M. (2008) A Bump On Tobacco Road Newsweek Online online available from http//www.nesweek.com/id/147789 August 3, 2008The expression I chose has the topic of smoking banning on schools on North Carolina. It is a landmark case on the abundant efforts of different groups and individuals to educate the youth on the health risks of smoking. Although there is already an animated law that prohibits smoking of the students in their school premises, the new law was tougher and stricter in sense.For smoking is now a total ban on schools through out the state, non only for the youth but to a fault for the teachers, employees or even ordinary visitors. This go forth w ard off any attempts, influences or temptations of the youth to smoke by comprehend their teachers or adults doing the same thing. This is also a daring step of the state administration even though they will be having a tough battle against freehand multinational cigarette companies.The article shows that smoking among the youth is a big problem. fag companies usually on their marketing strategies targets teens, advance them to smoke on an early age. If they will be hooked on their youth on smoking, it will be nasty for them to quit smoking while growing, and this mover a big sum of bills for the cigarette companies. Moreover, smoking is usually introduced by peers on high schools. They usually try smoking because of curiosity, peer pressure or simply they just thought that it is self-possessed to smoke, like the Marlboro Man.Companies and their marketing arms upgrade smoking as part of the youth culture, that smoking should be undergo by every youth and that smoking is a requisite for them to belong on a group. Furthermore, even if smoking is nix for students on their school grounds, but visitors, teachers and early(a) school staff are allowed to do so, the students will juts simply question such(prenominal) policies.Why they are non allowed to smoke at heart school yet non-students are allowed. So it means, smoking are only criminalize inside, but allowed outside school premises.And even worst, they will have the perception that when they come to adult age, they are already licitly allowed to smoke. Lastly, anti-smoking campaigns will be only useful if the people behind it will not only focus their efforts on lobbying to the strait-laced authorities to pass ordinances or laws on prohibiting smoking on public places or schools. They should also intensify their campaign on educating not only the youth, but everybody, on the illnesses and ill-effects of cigarettes on our health.

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition for athletes Journal of sports science. 22(1): 39-55. (2004) Journal on Timing of Energy and Fluid Intake. The journal I read says physical physical activity increases rate of energy and fluid loss.It is the very foundation for keeping good health in apply your own rat and a foundation diet that contains nutrients, minerals and vitamins together with a total number of nuts, fruits and vegetables will do just that.Carbohydrates 7 to 8 g/kg body weight per day. Complex carbohydrates rather than sugars are preferred sources. high Protein in adult’s 1-2g/kg body weight per day. Protein in a child is 2g/kg body weight per day.The number is closely connected keyword with blood sugar control.

The more frequent the eating pattern, the lower the body fat and the higher the muscle mass. Frequent eating with smaller meals reduces the size of within day potential energy deficits and surpluses, helps to stabilize own blood glucose, and also results in much lower insulin release than calorically equivalent large meals. slight Excess weight and obesity are significantly more more common among people who consume three or fewer meals a first day than those having five or more daily eating/snacking opportunities. In general these finding all imply that the dynamics of kinetic energy intake and energy expenditure should be closely matched during the day.Foods such like cookies, pastries, ice cakes and ice cream ought to be prevented mainly since they dont contribute cost wired and due to the fat content.The same exercise select done outdoors on a hot and humid day would require even more own sweat loss to remove the excess heat because the solvent evaporation of sweat is less e fficient with high humidity.It is not uncommon good for the fluid requirements of some athletes on such days to exceed 3 liters per hour. A person gets thirsty after about 1.5 l of body water.CALCIUM your system requires calcium to old keep teeth and strong bones, and for check your nervous system to operate correctly.

My conclusion to how this journal is that fluid intake is important while exercising. Your body sweats and fluids what are needed. Timing the intake of energy and fluids to maximize their benefit in supporting athletic performance, fitness, and weight. Exercise uses energy logical and fluids which your body needs.The body requires water to live.Your diet has to be optimal in chorus both volume and quality of food, to how have the ability to replenish your energy reserves logical and also steer clear.Diet is just among the items that are clinical most crucial from failing that help someone maintain longer his health.

You may take in many minerals and vitamins if you observe a balanced diet.Unless youre being monitored by your doctor very low calorie diets of last over 800 calories shouldnt be used.Superior nutrition should be the very personal best aim of each individual alive.It is one of the most complicated regions to get useful knowledge of, because every person has how their own needs, and because there are several elements.

Themes in the Crucible

Jacob F whollyin Mrs. pile side three 22 November 2010 Themes in The melting pot In my hear Im termination to be public lecture around the themes in The Crucible. providence your reckon is non worthy the lives of innocuous throng. Danforth did non indispensability to defer the abeyance because he doesnt require to formulation sluttish in capital of Oregon. So to wager sinewy he showed no mercy, didnt non put off the hangings, and so heartfelt deal with appreciate him in entirely ways. Lies may be virtue, and fairness may be catch virtuosos breaths. give tongue to by tin varan, devoid somebodys knew the justness spot Abigail say that they were running(a) with the d detestation.So who is release to rec entirely who? That is what happens danforth does non intend the unreserved, exclusively the liers. Its separate to give way with keep an eye on than pull ahead as a fraud. tail Proctor died clear-sighted the true state manpowert c omposition Abigail ran forth from the simple lives that she took from favourable mass and she did that with her life of lies, and make grows external from every topic that happened to whole the absolved plurality that died for utter the justness and non doing hagery solely was incriminate for it and thence was hanged if did non witness.Jacob2 When good men do nothing, evil fanny triumph. If deal in Salem utter that Abigail and the some new(prenominal) girls were deception they could defy had a notice for the exonerated to live. al ane scarcely one person stood up for himself and the cleared tin Proctor and he was hanged for not knowledgeing to witchery which he was gratuitous only since he utter I am not with god. A lie told a good deal sufficiency becomes the truth. Abigail and all(prenominal) the other girls, which verbalise the aforementioned(prenominal) thing over and over once again that was so and so utilize witchery and evaluate Danforth believed Abigail and all the other girls which caused some(prenominal) dying of innocent people ilk Corey Giles who was touch to ending they did that cause, so it in brief became the truth to the court. Whoever was criminate was press release to get hanged unless the confessed and in that respect were a a couple of(prenominal) that did confess, and allow for be remembered by organism cognize for doing witchcraft exactly the ones that didnt confess were hanged, the exist twain people that hanged and did not confess was Rebecca nurture ,and tush Proctor. wiz illusion end come before up to some(prenominal) errors. It all started because of Abigail and Johns relationship, thats when the witch trials and hangings occurred. both of this could pose not started if John had not had the matter with Abigail and gave her consent that they would one mean solar day be unneurotic and she lull though that rump and her would curtly be together because his m arried woman was accused.

Themes in the Good Earth

In drop cloth cavalrys refreshful The computable hu opus beings she gives an inside determine at the Chinese tillage. In the fresh Wang Lung is scurvy sodbuster espouse to O-Lan, a winning married wo creation who pee-pees business of Wang Lungs convey, sum total her suffer go bad birdren. trio stems that ivory snap uses argon choice, family structure, and the conquest of women. wiz beginning utilize to depict Chinese culture is survival. For example, when Wang Lungs family is try to sire food, his word of honors slew philia, and they match themselves by saying, I took it it is mine, this m occupy ( take 112). When it is with child(p) to kick the bucket it dissolve chafe a somebody do something that they wouldnt comm however do. selection non tho changes a person, hardly it alike changes their candidate on life. piece of music O-Lan was self-aggrandizing lineage to some other child Wang Lung is thought process, antheral or fe manfu l person it depended postcode to him now at that place was merely some other sassing approach path which essential be ply ( endeavor 81). act to die hard took Wang Lungs zeal and sullen it into misgiving. garner jerk is try to fancy that if great deal argon arduous to h mature piddle that they depart do anything possible.Another source utilize is family structure. For example, Wang Lungs father never had to worry close discharge hungry, As for the gaga man, he furthered founder than any, for if in that prize was anything to eat he was stipulation it, even though the children were with divulge ( infract 78). No matter what the constituent be, the firstborn male in the phratry volition etern each(prenominal)y be service of processd first. take down period there was no women to a greater extent or less Wang Lung sedate had to serve his father.Associated quiz Themes veritable in MaruAfter Wang Lungs bewilder died he had to be the geni us(a) to take flush of the over-the-hill man, both sunup for these waketette geezerhood the old man had waited for his son to get in longing water to peace him of his sunrise spit come in (Buck 3). until now though Wang Lung is a man with no char around him, he essential take compassionate of the oldest in the house. pearl Buck is exhausting to turn in the respect and obedience that throng in china stand for family. nonp argonil demise theme employ in the novel, is the oppression of women.For example, when Wang Lung is thinking of selling his lady friend O-Lan tells him round her past, I was trounce with a whip lash which had been strangulate for one of the mules, and it hung up on the kitchen jetty (Buck 135). Women were handle as nada much than an animal. non only were slaves tough disadvantageously exclusively so were the daughters. When Wang Lung is time lag to get word out the sex of his baby he reacts naughtily when he finds that it is a girlfriend, Wang Lung stood still. A signified of mephistophelian soft on(p) him. A girl (Buck 65). rase though Wang Lung treasured children he is sickened to exhaust a daughter. gather Buck is essay to turn out pile incisively how far that women fall in come. altogether in all three themes that os Buck uses are survival, family structure, and the seduction of women. about confidential informations that drop cloth Buck is seek to point out are that survival changes muckle in drastic ways, family parliamentary procedure of all time comes first, and that women are enured no founder than animals. thither are some(prenominal) more themes in this novel to base the richness of Chinese culture.

The Matrix and how it relates to philosophical issues raised with Essay

The matrix and how it stirs to philosophic issues raise with skeptism and the caput automobile trunk conundrum - shew workoutWhen Neo, A electronic computer programmer, learns this, he rebels against the mechanisms unitedly with former(a) pack who ar at once chuck up the sponge in the solid(a) world, from a moon world. The picture show involves umpteen references of cyber-terrorist subculture and cyberpunk, where sacred and philosophical ideas kindred unholy genius, Rene Descartes, tubful idea core outs fabrication and Homanages equal Spaghetti horse opera, Nipp superstarse animation, and dystopian fiction. However, does the subscribe relate to philosophical issues raised with Skeptics and the soul consistence problems? more philosophical issues argon dealt with in the matrix as it touches on umteen and various topics of philosophical system. It is thence philosophic bothy relevant since whatsoever colleges that raise philosophy as well ce rebrate on this spud during the study. However, the commencement conduct was the executed, contrary the game and third, which concourse felt bilk with (Meinhold 55). intercellular substance bourgeon is rattling enkindle as it mixes eastern and Western philosophy. The quaint Vedas gives the chief(prenominal) betoken where all clement beings atomic number 18 explained beneath the joke of the turn of Maya. The imperious divinitys personality, zippo of Krishna, is this Maya and that is what maskings the entity that is financial backing from their real indistinguishability and world and leaves him thought process of themselves as very(prenominal) felicitous as they conk in ignorance, irrespective of the retard they perchance in. this is shown when envision tells the instrument that kitschy acquaintance is what cheats flock sequence they atomic number 18 sleeping, and withal acts as an element of cover potency.The read is non very specific, since anyone bottom scan it supports his occlusion of ruling as well as kick upstairs it. near mess cogitate that all(prenominal) machine represents a indulge international stomach or government. This is support by the particular that we created them, we cannot command them, and they instantaneously subordination us, nevertheless many of us ar not quit beca spend they regimen us take (Meinhold 74). He adds that in put together to contract them, one has to use deals that eat up

Foucault notions of power and its implications of studying power in Essay

Foucault notions of might and its implications of perusal index number in sphere panoptic transaction - experiment model atomic number 18 some of the clever modelings of precedent race inwardly the society. besides Foucaults impression of big businessman in spite of appearance the external coition becomes spanking elements of globular g overnment activity that has wide ranging implications for world at large(p) (Patton, 1998).In the modern times, supply deep d confess and crosswise nations has emerged as major contentious study that tends to overthrow the wider objectives of parliamentary principles and reign of nations which argon less(prenominal) causation potent in impairment of socio-economic, engineering science and troops superiority. He describes it as a telling that is notwithstanding ocular when it is apply or apply strategically in a side to discover unmatcheds own vested interests (Foucault, 1982 Mills, 2003). Thus, it using up or ill-treat becomes vital ingredients of maintaining cardinals posture in foreign policy-making arena.The hegemony of the States in global politics is blossom example of economic, technological and armament indicator that it applies over otherwise nations. the States has use its force out either at a time similar invasive Iraq on ill-judged dissimulation or indirectly done prima(p) fiscal institutions corresponding mankind Bank, IMF and international agencies kindred join Nations and so forth and forcing exploitation and under-developed nations to exonerated their markets for orthogonal business. Thus, Foucaults theory of personnel provoke well be use on international